Reprinted from http://asia-pacific-action.org. Visit http://blackjuly.info for more information and documentaries.
Twenty-three years ago, in late July 1983, the Tamil community in Sri Lanka were terrorised by angry mobs murdering, maiming and burning their homes in an orgy of violence unparalleled in the island's history.
More than 3000 Tamils were killed within just 10 days, 150,000 were rendered homeless and began a refugee flight that left more than 800,000 Tamils scattered all around the world today.
A Sinhala mob (Sri Lanka's dominant ethnic group) set fire to Tamil shops. Particularly gruesome events included the butchering of 52 Tamil political prisoners in Colombo's jail.
Thirty-five were killed on July 25 by Sinhalese prisoners convicted of murder, rape and other heinous crimes who were handpicked by the warders, plied with liquor and let loose on the Tamil prisoners. On July 27, the survivors of the previous massacre were attacked and 17 prisoners killed.
There was also the harrowing mass murder witnessed by Norwegian tourists who watched helplessly as a mini-bus full of Tamils was set on fire. The doors were locked by the mob before setting the bus alight. More than 100 spectators watched as 20 Tamils were burned to death.
Paul Seighart, chairperson of the British section of the International Commission of Jurists, who was sent to Sri Lanka by the ICJ on a fact-finding mission, wrote that the anti-Tamil violence of July 1983 was "a series of deliberate acts, executed in accordance with a concerted plan, conceived and organised well in advance".
The Review, an ICJ publication, declared that the violence "amounted to acts of genocide".
Sri Lankan industries minister Cyril Matthew was the mastermind behind the violence, arming the marauding mobs with electoral lists identifying Tamil households and providing transport in government vehicles. Two years earlier the same minister was responsible for burning down the Jaffna Public Library, which held more than 95,000 books and manuscripts.
The minister proved the German poet Heinrich Heine's prediction that people who burn books will end up burning people.
Anti-Tamil violence became a common feature in the island's post-colonial political landscape. Between 1958 and 1983, there were seven pogroms, each more violent than the preceding one, designed to beat the Tamils into submission by killing, maiming, burning and destroying their property.
In July 1983, Tamils were beaten, hacked and burned to death in a frenzy of racial hatred. Tamils were faced with a stark choice of fleeing or fighting. While thousands fled, others stayed on to fight.
Australia and Canada were the first countries to offer refuge to Tamil survivors of what became known as "Black July". Today, there are well over 60,000 Tamils in Australia, many of whom are survivors of Black July and their descendants.
Anti-Tamil pogroms have not occurred since July 1983. Instead, the Sri Lankan government has waged war on the Tamil people, whose quest for independence gained momentum post 1983. However there are ominous signs that such a pogrom may well be in the offing.
State-orchestrated and army-aided mob violence unleashed against Tamils in Trincomalee in April 2006 was reminiscent of the way in which the events unfolded in July 1983. Entire Tamil families have been massacred by the Sri Lankan army, as was the case just prior to Black July.
Open threats have been made by members of the National Sinhala Rights Party, which is part of the Sri Lankan ruling coalition, of "dire consequences" for Tamils living in the Sinhala South.
Tamils have endured persecution and oppression far too long. It is time for them to be free and to be masters of their own destiny.